The most famous person to only play in one key (F#) was Irving Berlin, who used a transposing piano.
Diatonic harmonica players have a different harmonica for each key. Different sizes (in different pitches) of recorders and viols use identical fingering. Guitarists use capos. Lutes of differing sizes (and pitches) use the same kinds of tablature. The idea of playing everything in the same key (fingering-wise) and using some mechanical method of having that fingering result in sounds in different keys has been around for centuries. The right hand 5-row CBA keyboard is ideal for this.
While not the same concept, Bb instruments (tenor saxophones, clarinets, trumpets, etc.) and Eb instruments (alto clarinet, alto and baritone saxaphone, etc.) play from written music the notes of which (on the printed page) are different than the notes that come out of the instruments. So if you want to hear a trumpet (for example) play the note C, you write the note D. Don't ask my why they do it that way. I am just the messenger.
Irving Berlin - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org
Irving Berlin's Transposing Upright Piano
This transposing upright piano was made by Weser Brothers in New York, New York in 1940. According to the inscription on the case, it was made “expressly for Irving Berlin.” The transposing mechanism moves the action and keyboard so that the player can play in any key. Irving Berlin was a...
music.si.edu
Diatonic harmonica players have a different harmonica for each key. Different sizes (in different pitches) of recorders and viols use identical fingering. Guitarists use capos. Lutes of differing sizes (and pitches) use the same kinds of tablature. The idea of playing everything in the same key (fingering-wise) and using some mechanical method of having that fingering result in sounds in different keys has been around for centuries. The right hand 5-row CBA keyboard is ideal for this.
While not the same concept, Bb instruments (tenor saxophones, clarinets, trumpets, etc.) and Eb instruments (alto clarinet, alto and baritone saxaphone, etc.) play from written music the notes of which (on the printed page) are different than the notes that come out of the instruments. So if you want to hear a trumpet (for example) play the note C, you write the note D. Don't ask my why they do it that way. I am just the messenger.